INDIVIDUALS WITH HYPERTENSION IN INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE 2023 NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

HUBUNGAN MEROKOK DAN INSOMNIA PADA LANSIA DENGAN HIPERTENSI DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS CROSS-SECTIONAL DARI SURVEI KESEHATAN INDONESIA 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Insomnia is a common problem among older adults and may be exacerbated by chronic conditions such as hypertension. Smoking, a modifiable risk factor, affects cardiovascular and sleep health; however, its association with insomnia among older adults with hypertension in Indonesia remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between smoking and insomnia using data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). Methods:  A cross-sectional analytic design was applied to secondary data from 20,865 older adults (≥60 years) diagnosed with hypertension. Smoking status was classified as current smoker or non-smoker, while insomnia was identified based on self-reported sleep disturbances. Associations between smoking, insomnia, and sociodemographic factors were assessed using chi-square tests, with analyses conducted using SPSS version 27.0.1. Results: The prevalence of insomnia in this population was 9.4%, and 20.9% of the participants reported smoking. No significant association was found between smoking and insomnia (p = 0.407). However, insomnia was significantly related to age, gender, marital status, education, employment, and type of residence (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Smoking was not significantly associated with insomnia among elderly hypertensive individuals, but multiple sociodemographic factors were. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing broader social determinants in interventions to improve sleep health in this population group.