ANXIETY AND INSOMNIA AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN INDONESIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2023 NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

KECEMASAN DAN INSOMNIA PADA LANSIA DI INDONESIA: BUKTI DARI SURVEI KESEHATAN INDONESIA TAHUN 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in the elderly and is frequently associated with psychological issues such as anxiety. In Indonesia, where the aging population is growing rapidly, population-level data on this association are limited. This study examined the prevalence of insomnia among older adults in Indonesia and its association with anxiety and other sociodemographic and behavioral factors. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (Survei Kesehatan Indonesia/SKI). Methods: The sample included 95,552 individuals aged ≥ 60 years. The variables included age, gender, marital status, education, employment, residence, physical activity, and anxiety. Bivariate analyses were performed using chi-square tests, and the data were adjusted for complex survey design using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1. Results: The prevalence of insomnia was 6.1%. Insomnia was significantly more common among those with anxiety (1.7%) than among those without (10.6%) (p < 0.001). Other factors associated with higher insomnia rates included female gender (7.1%), age 60–69 years (8.0%), married status (7.8%), lower education, employment, urban residence, and higher physical activity. Conclusion: Anxiety is strongly associated with insomnia among older Indonesian adults. Integrating mental health screening with sleep health interventions in geriatric care may help improve the quality of life in this population. Anxiety is strongly associated with insomnia among Indonesian older adults. Future research should incorporate multivariate models and longitudinal designs to clarify mechanisms.