THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO SECONDHAND SMOKE IN ENCLOSED SPACES AND SMOKING BEHAVIOR AMONG THE ELDERLY IN INDONESIA

HUBUNGAN PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK PASIF DI RUANG TERTUTUP DENGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK PADA LANSIA DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Introduction: Secondhand smoke (SHS) in enclosed spaces increases health risks for older adults, especially those with chronic conditions. In Indonesia, where smoking is common, few studies have examined the relationship between SHS exposure and smoking behavior among older adults. This study analyzed this relationship using the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 97,339 individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Smoking status was the outcome variable, with exposure to SHS in enclosed spaces as the main predictor. Confounding variables included age, gender, education, occupation, marital status, place of residence, and tobacco chewing habits. Methods: Data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0.1 with complex survey adjustments: chi-square tests were used to examine relationships between variables at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of smoking among older adults was 28.5%. Exposure to secondhand smoke in enclosed spaces was significantly associated with smoking behavior (p<0.001), with 25.2% of smokers and 39.8% of non-smokers exposed. The effect size for SHS exposure showed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.75 (95% CI: 1.65-1.85), indicating a higher risk.  Conclusion: Other related factors were male gender, age 60–69 years, low education, unmarried status, unemployment, and tobacco chewing. SHS exposure was significantly associated with smoking among Indonesian older adults, possibly due to shared social environments.