DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION: THE ROLE OF DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION AMONG ADULTS AT PUSPA MEDIKA CLINIC, JEMBER

DETERMINAN HIPERTENSI: PERAN DIABETES DAN PEMANFAATAN LAYANAN KESEHATAN PADA ORANG DEWASA DI KLINIK PUSPA MEDIKA, JEMBER

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and premature mortality worldwide, with rising prevalence in low- and middle-income countries such as Indonesia. Diabetes mellitus and healthcare utilization are thought to influence hypertension outcomes through biological and behavioral mechanisms. This study examined the determinants of hypertension, focusing on the role of diabetes and healthcare utilization among adults at Puspa Medika Clinic, Jember. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among 150 adults at Puspa Medika Clinic, Silo District, Jember Regency, East Java Province. Data were collected using structured questionnaires covering demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. Hypertension status was the dependent variable, while independent variables included age, gender, education, occupation, smoking habits, diabetes, and healthcare utilization. Chi-square tests were used for bivariate analysis, and all data were processed with SPSS version 27.0.1 to adjust for complex survey design. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 91.3%. Diabetes and outpatient care were significantly associated with hypertension (p < 0.05), while demographic and lifestyle factors were not. Conclusion: Diabetes and healthcare utilization were key determinants of hypertension among adults at Puspa Medika Clinic, Jember. Integrated chronic disease management focusing on diabetes control and preventive care is essential to reduce hypertension burden.