THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D LEVELS, BLOOD EOSINOPHILS, AND BODY MASS INDEX WITH THE DEGREE OF ASTHMA CONTROL IN BANJARMASIN

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KADAR VITAMIN D, EOSINOFIL DARAH, DAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN DERAJAT KONTROL ASMA DI BANJARMASIN

Abstract

Backgrounds: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that remains a global health problem with high prevalence and significant relapse rates in Indonesia. Factors such as vitamin D levels, blood eosinophils, and body mass index (BMI) are thought to play a role in symptom control and asthma control. Vitamin D acts as an immunomodulator, eosinophils are associated with airway inflammation, and BMI reflects a patient's metabolic status, which can influence treatment response.

Aims: Analyzing the relationship between vitamin D levels, blood eosinophils, and BMI with the degree of control of asthma patients in Banjarmasin. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Ulin Regional Hospital, Banjarmasin, in 2025. Subjects were asthma patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The degree of asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire. Vitamin D levels were assessed using immunochemical methods, eosinophil levels were measured using a peripheral blood count, and BMI was calculated based on body weight and height. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and multivariate logistic regression with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Most subjects were female with an average age of young adults. Higher absolute eosinophil levels (462 (18-1224) and 331.41 ± 168.18; p=0.038) and the presence of eosinophilia (73.7% and 26.3%; p=0.018) were significantly more common in the uncontrolled asthma group compared to the controlled asthma group. Regarding BMI, underweight individuals demonstrated a substantially higher risk of uncontrolled asthma compared with the overweight/obese group (adjusted OR 5.21; 95% CI 1.08–25.10; p = 0.040). Conclusion: High absolute eosinophil levels or the incidence of eosinophilia and underweight BMI are factors significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma.